Sunday, September 16, 2007

To My Favorite Catholic Apologist...

******UPDATED 9/17/2007 *****(See the end of this entry)*****


Thanks once again for featuring me on your blog. It indeed humbles me that you, a professional well-respected Catholic apologist would take the time out of your busy schedule of teaching, book writing, interviews, lecturing, and public debating, to spend your valuable time (desired by so many others of more worth), to compose such an insightful example of cogent prose, truth, and devout Christian virtue. Indeed, the entry you penned reminded me of how well you fulfill the words written by the martyr Ignatius:

"In response to their anger, be gentle; in response to their boasts, be humble; in response to their slander, offer prayers; in response to their errors be 'steadfast in the faith'; in response to their cruelty, be gentle; do not be eager to retaliate against them. Let us show ourselves their brothers by our forbearance, and let us be eager to be imitators of the Lord to see who can be the more wronged, who the more cheated, who the more rejected, in order that no weed of the devil might be found among you, but that with complete purity and self-control you may abide in Christ Jesus physically and spiritually."

Indeed, in following your career, I'm not sure how you have been able endure the attacks and slander constantly hounding you by the jealous and devious Protestants. You are truly the Ignatius of 2007: one willing to speak the truth in love, humility, and gentleness, no matter what the cost.

I want to take this opportunity as well to offer my sincere apology about recently deleting two of your comments from this blog. I realize, I've not done this before, you've always been given full access to speak any words of wisdom you've desired on this blog, and the amount of spiritual growth I've gleaned from your words stands above any other writer that has influenced me. I really was only hoping to emulate the example you have set. I recall you deleting comments and banning, at least one person from your blog in the past. In following your example, it is an honor to stand with you far above the likes of the Envoy Forum, which arbitrarily bans and deletes for no other reason but to keep people from hearing anything except that which gives sour milk to the sheep. Even though I deleted your two comments, I left plenty others up, including those comments you posted linking to your blog responses to the issues in question. Of course, Envoy would never allow this. But you and I Mr. Armstrong, will set an example for them: showing them that one should not fear that which takes a contrary position.

I thought for many hours about what might happen if I deleted anything you wrote. I felt the same fear Paul probably felt when he directly confronted the Pope (as recorded in Galatians). Paul must have spent many days and weeks in prayer and fasting. Paul probably called out in prayer to as many of the great saints he could think of. This may have been the most daring act he ever performed: much more dangerous than any of the attempts on his life he faced! Imagine...confronting the Pope! The most powerful supreme being on the earth! That's how I felt when confronting you about your comments. You are by far, the greatest living Catholic apologist. You've defeated every person you've ever faced, whether in dialog, or in the plentiful in-person debates you've been in. I know of no other Catholic apologist that has written more than you, or expressed the profound truth offered by the Roman Catholic Church as you have explained it. So in the greatest of all humility, I prostrate myself before you, and beg you, as a pupil to a supreme master: please, please, please forgive me for deleting your two comments from my blog, but understand, I was only trying to follow the highest of standards of which you have set the bar. If the Pope could bear with the correction of Paul, I feel somewhat confident you will likewise follow with mercy.

And this brings up another area in which I must humbly beg and plead for mercy, that is, in regard to our discussion on Luther citations. I always benefit from your correction, and grant that you should be able to quote Luther however you want, with or without ever reading the context of Luther's words. If you find a Protestant scholar that agrees with your understanding of Luther, this is good enough. You don't need to actually read the context of Luther's words. I'm not sure if I've ever expressed to you my own feeble opinion, which is that, whatever, anyone says, whether Protestant or Catholic, whether friend of foe, all are held to a standard of accuracy and truth. Thus, Hamilton (the writer in question), may make both right and wrong points. The only way to determine this would be to actually read the context Hamilton worked from. I am not so depraved that I would not criticize a Protestant scholar, simply because he agrees with me. In fact, for example, I have criticized Preserved Smith, Roland Bainton, and even the almighty-nearly-infallible Martin Luther himself (God forgive me for uttering that!). Let my publicly state that Hamilton erred with context. I treasure the fact that you pointed this out to me, and will never forget it. it is like a gift of wisdom from you to me.

I must also beg forgiveness from you one more time, and I do so with the hopes that your mercy and compassion are of the great depth I have come to know from your writing. Your latest blog entry of exhortation directed towards me went far beyond my ability of comprehension... so much so, that I ended up skimming parts of it. It was simply too much truth to handle! I need to be spoon-fed, like the infant I am. I plan on reading your words slowly, and devotionally, every night before bed, as part of my "quiet time."

I did though briefly look at the comments section of your blog post. Randy, of your devoted followers stated,

"Good job Dave. In some way a nit picky critique is the highest praise. They are essentially saying they want to spend time shooting down your writing but can't find a way to rebutt the central thesis. So they take some shots around the edges. It also wonder why James Swan went after this rather than responding to you Chemnitz reviews. To me it says he hasn't found those arguments very easy to counter."

If you have a private moment with Randy, could you explain to him that I don't even own a copy of Chemnitz? In other words, I haven't really read very much of Chemnitz, thus I would never dare to even begin to digest and reflect upon your most thorough refutations. In fact, Concordia Seminary hasn't responded to your blog posts on Chemnitz either, showing, once again, your great superiority, the truth of Roman Catholicism, and the shallowness of Chemnitz and all Lutherans in general. Dave you have the truth of the Papacy on your side! It's about time someone crushed the lies of Chemnitz. All the other Roman Catholics apologists have feared to even open his books. You though, showing no fear, like Ignatius on the road to martyrdom, jumped immediately into the enemy's book, and destroyed it so thoroughly, Concordia will probably ban all links to your website (like Envoy would do when confronted!). I eagerly await your next book, which should be a full length response to Chemnitz. A book like this would be exactly what Sophia Press needs to counter the $75,000 debt they have accrued.

I'm sorry I can't spend any more time writing to you at this time. My free time is being taken up with a class in Systematic Theology. I am being forced to read Van Til, Calvin, Warfield, Murray, and Vos... All Prot writers that are easily refuted by Roman Catholic apologists like yourself. As I read through their works, it provokes me to long and crave for the time to read your blog.

******UPDATED 9/17/2007 *****

Here are some jewels of wisdom from professional Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong in response to this entry:

"Swan's standard "response" to me now is dripping sarcasm, of the very worst sort (not related to truth)..."

"This guy is a juvenile, pompous ass. I'm through with this clown. He can write whatever he wants against me. I'll ignore it. We know, after many many examples, that it'll hardly be worth reading, anyway. If I reply rationally, he comes back with this hogwash. He doesn't deserve anyone's time.

To the extent that I deal with anti-Catholics at all, I'll stick to at least influential ones like James White. He affects a lot of people, and so, needs to be countered and refuted. But Swan is a lightweight in the anti-Catholic apologetic world. Let him write posts like this, then. I have better things to do than to waste my time reading them, let alone responding."
Dave Armstrong Homepage 09.17.07 - 10:52 am #


This isn't the first time Professional Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong has called me an "ass", nor is this the first time he's called me names, he's taken this approach for years. "The things that come out of the mouth come from the heart." Let me state exactly how I feel about Mr. Armstrong, though it has never been a secret. I do not take him seriously. I have taken this approach for years, and it is reflected in my writing. A few months back I attempted to offer a serious response, only to get the typical Armstrong response back (I think Dave later had re-edited his response to tone down his hatred). There isn't any way this guy should be taken seriously as a professional apologist. He's a guy sitting behind a computer, somewhere in Michigan.

If indeed these are the last words of wisdom from professional Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong directed towards me, I would be amazed and grateful. Unfortunately, professional Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong has a habit of making promises like this, and not keeping them.


One Further Update 9/18/07

In case anyone thinks I was too hard on Armstrong, the initial entry Dave wrote included this picture of a clown on top of his post, I can only speculate it was intended to represent me. Again, "The things that come out of the mouth come from the heart."
This is only one of the mocking pictures directed at me. There is also this one, of which one of the three ghouls is said to be me. These are only two examples of Dave's way of being a professional Catholic apologist . I'm not even going back to all the previous derogatory remarks, pictures, etc. Obviously, Mr. Armstrong is not the pillar of virtue or the martyr he makes himself out to be. I intend to treat Mr. Armstrong as he deserves, not seriously.

30 comments:

Benjamin said...

Mr. Swan, I would greatly appreciate your thoughts on Martin Brecht's 3 volume work on the life of Luther. I apologize for interrupting the sequence of the subject at hand but I wasn't sure where else to post this question. Thank you for your time.

Rhology said...

Bummer, James, you're a lightweight in the anti-Catho apologetics world. I wonder what that makes me? Is there an 'atomweight'?

Carrie said...

This guy is a juvenile, pompous ass. I'm through with this clown.

He's just whittling away his sanctifying grace with that mouth.

That can't be good for purgatory.

Churchmouse said...

"This guy is a juvenile, pompous ass. I'm through with this clown. He can write whatever he wants against me. I'll ignore it. We know, after many many examples, that it'll hardly be worth reading, anyway. If I reply rationally, he comes back with this hogwash. He doesn't deserve anyone's time.

I don't know what to make of this, Jim. It either transference or a way of saying that he cannot ignore you (I can bet he's probably reading this now). We all know that when DA says he's going to ignore people, it means he's not going to ignore people.

To the extent that I deal with anti-Catholics at all, I'll stick to at least influential ones like James White. He affects a lot of people, and so, needs to be countered and refuted.

I have yet to read anything by Armstrong which even seems to refute Dr. White on anything. Armstrong is only a salve for the wanting and naive.

But Swan is a lightweight in the anti-Catholic apologetic world. Let him write posts like this, then. I have better things to do than to waste my time reading them, let alone responding."

Better things? Does standing outside of Catholic apologetics seminar qualify as a "better thing"? Far be it from DA to deal with a "lightweight" while those at this seminar didn't realize the apologetic "heavyweight" standing elsewhere hoping to catch a video feed? What's that verse about how the proud will be abased? Matthew 23:12 anyone?

Peace,
Ray

Couldn't resist noting what was said...

Bummer, James, you're a lightweight in the anti-Catho apologetics world. I wonder what that makes me? Is there an 'atomweight'?

Strange, I was thinking the exact same thing.

Alexham said...

James-

FWIW (coming from a Catholic), I don't think you're a lightweight. Indeed, I think you are extremely intelligent.

I also find this back-and-forth between apologists on both sides unfortunate. I think we would all be better off if we viewed the other side's arguments with greater respect and with a much more charitable disposition.

Anonymous said...

From Dude:

Fellas and Fellettes:

I've seen way to many Protestant 'apologists' (some legit, some not) try to delete a post or attempt to disregard a Catholic reply under the guise of it containing a 3 or 4 letter word.

Sometimes the ad-hominem is legit (as with many Protty attacks on Catholicism) but sometimes I've seen Protty's sidestep having to answer, and it appears that they use words like 'ass' keep them from addressing a debate.

First: One of Martin Luther's great words was 'Ass'.

Second: When the bible refers to the sin of cursing or swearing, it is not in reference to foul/vulgar language. Swearing is with reference to an oath, especially invoking God. Cursing would be from the heart, E.G. I curse you and hope your eyeball falls out...or whatever.

Vulgar language is something different altogether. I have no problem with it, unless this is all you have to offer.

4 letter words don't create a more difficult purgatory, or keep me out of heaven. There is nothing Dogmatic on this. However, to some extent, some Catholics will disagree.

The point: Too common within Protestant apologetics to back out due to foul language.

Dave Armstrong is from motor-city, and a 60's-70's and 80's rock and roll, R and B dude. He is also very smart, debates well and ticks you guys off to no end with his persistence and prolific writing.

Don't be wimps like James White and DTK.

Just accept the fact that Catholics are not Puritans.

Thanks be to God.

Anonymous said...

PS, Of course I meant too.

Carrie said...

Dude,

You are right. My joke was theologically inaccurate, although in the grand scheme of things it doesn't matter since both sanctifying grace and purgatory are Catholic fiction.

Perhaps what DA is displaying (and you are supporting) is Catholic fruit. It certainly isn't fruit of the Spirit.

Rhology said...

Yeah, Dude, you're not a Puritan so it's perfectly OK to go around shooting off your mouth in mean-spirited insults. I'd think you'd want to avoid the example of Luther as much as possible anyways.


Anyone got $10 on the over/under for how many days before DA un-ignores James? I'm laying the line at 34 days.

theo said...

I've just spent a little bit of time bouncing between this site and Dave Armstrong's.

Sadly, both abound in commentary dripping with sarcasm. As I wrote to a friend just yesterday," Pop-apologetics sites like [site deleted] are simply degrading into typical nerd contention forums. Issues that require sober discussions of eternal import have taken on the same spirit as debates about 'Who is the better Enterprise captain, Piccard or Kirk?' I shudder to think of what non-Christians must think when they read this snipeing."

May God richly bless you all with all good gifts that enable you to serve the glory of the Father and work toward the coming of His Kingdom.

Submitted as one who is himself as guilty as the next man, I remain your somewhat less communicative brother in
Christ,
--Theo

theo said...

Anon wrote:
"The point: Too common within Protestant apologetics to back out due to foul language."

I humbly note:
Perhaps so; however, as a practicing Catholic myself, I find it sad that any Catholic should provide objectors the pretext by using foul language to begin with (especially while discussing sacred issues).


I boldly suggest that we ought to be bold in speech, but not be over-bold in language. Let our words be seasoned with salt, not vinegar.

Humbly submitted,
--Theo

Thos said...

It is my humble opinion that this form of sarcasm is disgraceful. I would be sad to think that any non-Christians should come across this discourse and see how Children of the Lamb Who was slain interact.

Humbly,
Thos.

Rhology said...

I'd concur with you if there were any Children of the Lamb who were disagreeing here. I haven't seen any.

Thos said...

Rhology,

Am I right in taking your comment as a conclusion that Dave Armstrong is not a Child of the Lamb? By what standard do you reach this conclusion? I believe we need to seek unity, that the world may "believe that [God] sent [Christ]" (John 17:21). I do not judge whether or not you or Dave Armstrong are Christian.

Peace in Christ Jesus our Savior,
Thos.

Anonymous said...

From your fav, dude:

Folks, my point: Lighten up.

Protty's on this blog: I constantly read the ad-hominems and vicious invective from your end. Although you may have less foul-language, what is in your heart is no better than that of which you alwyas claim to be above.

Carrie, declaring sanctifying grace and purgatory to be 'Catholic Fiction' is a rude way of putting it.

It appears from your posts on this blog that the intention is solely to take snipes at Catholicism. I see nothing scholarly here. I simply see posts on how rotten the boogey-Church of Catholicism is, and then a ton of backslapping from the choir about 'great shot Carrie' or 'James, Catholicism is pagan, right buddy?'

I can state that distinctively Protestant beliefs are Protestant fiction and be a snot about it, but it is better to debate it.

I'll hold to the Catholic, Orthodox (simply not dogmatically defined, nor as detailed as Catholic) ancient and sciptural concept of praying for the dead and a cleansing place prior to heaven anytime before the historically and unbiblical, novel, Protestant rejection of it.

Carrie said...

I do not judge whether or not you or Dave Armstrong are Christian.

Don't you think you should?

Or do you want to be unified with unbelievers?

Thos said...

Without meaning to sound "high and mighty" I sincerely believe that it is for God to decide who, of all that proclaim to believe in Him as their cause and hope of salvation, is actually Christian. I do judge that those not claiming to be Christian are not Christian, and do not want to be unified with as they are, but hope they can become unified with the body of Christ. This is a different matter from saying that all Catholics are going to hell, or Dave Armstrong, because he follows hard-core Catholic teaching is going to hell. I am a man of unclean lips, unfit to make God's judgment of the true condition of anyone's heart for Him.

In practice, I guess I mean that I take people at their word. If they say they are a servant of Christ, I accept them as my brother or sister. If they do not live in a Christian way, it is my burden to call them to accountability (hence, my criticism above of sarcasm, which makes us look bad to the world).

Peace in Christ,
Thos.

dtking said...

Don't be wimps like James White and DTK.

Anyone who fails to see the irony of someone posting the above comment under the nick "anonymous" has to be (including the poster but not limited to him/her) just a little out of touch with reality.

DTK

James Swan said...

The point: Too common within Protestant apologetics to back out due to foul language.

No,Dave speaks from his heart. It's ego and pride, not truth that makes him who is, in my opinion. I've let Dave get away with a lot of insults. I figured, until he gives me reason to take him seriously, i'll treat his writing as it should be.

Carrie said...

In practice, I guess I mean that I take people at their word.

And yet Christ taught us to judge others by their fruit.

I am sure the Judaizers called themselves Christians, yet Paul called them out for preaching "another gospel". If identifying true believers was as easy as just taking people at their word, it would appear the apostles wasted alot of time in the NT warning us about false teachers.

Carrie said...

Carrie, declaring sanctifying grace and purgatory to be 'Catholic Fiction' is a rude way of putting it.

I was not trying to be rude, just stating the facts. False is false - some things just can't be sugar-coated.

Thos said...

Carrie,

Thank you for reminding me of Christ Jesus' "tree by its fruit" rule of Matthew 7.

I said that I take people at their word, not that I "judge" them to be "true believers". The distinction between regular and true believers is one not to be made too hastily. Jesus does not tell us to "judge" in Matthew 7, but to know or recognize false prophets. Many false prophets came early in the church's history teaching an other gospel. These words were written by Matthew in vain.

I do not know your fruit, nor the others involved. I take them at their word when they say they follow Christ. If I see a Christian smoking, is that bad fruit? If I know of a couple using the Pill, are they not "true believers" (for surely aborting your unborn child is a bad fruit)?

Matthew warns of following false teachers (those claiming a teaching authority). I was warning of judging each other individually.

Paul called Peter out also for teaching erroneously. I do not believe this made Peter other than a "true believer".

Matthew 24:4-5 says "And Jesus answered and said to them: “Take heed that no one deceives you. 5 For many will come in My name, saying, ‘I am the Christ,’ and will deceive many." This seems more like the false prophets, those whose teaching should be tested by the borne fruit, that Christ was referring to.

I think more fitting for the context of individual believers slinging criticism at each other is this mantra, ""Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye?" from Matthew 7:3 (and I believe they weren't wasting their time when they wrote this one either).

Peace to you,
Thos.

Anonymous said...

From Dude:

Carrie,

You and your fellow Protestants have yet to prove your 'factual'
presupposition that Purgatory is false, by means of Scripture, logic and history.

Stating your novel view (again, like many things Protty, 1/4 the life of Christianity) on the denial of Purgatory has yet to be backed by anything other than your stating your view is fact.

Hopefully at your personal judgement, God will find you are worthy of the soul-cleansing process of Purgatory, the ante-chamber to heaven.

In the book of the Apocalypse (Rev.) John is speaking of true cleanliness, not the legal fiction of Luther's description of a heap of dung, covered with the thin white snow. The legal fiction where one never truly becomes Christ like inside.

We believe that with the Grace of Jesus, a flower grows out of the dung. However, even the dung turned to the flower still needs to be cleaned up prior to heaven.

Do you really think he'll let you in there right now, the way that you are? Are your thoughts, mind and soul clean enough to enter heaven?

Read again, Revelation 21:27.

James Swan said...

In the book of the Apocalypse (Rev.) John is speaking of true cleanliness, not the legal fiction of Luther's description of a heap of dung, covered with the thin white snow. The legal fiction where one never truly becomes Christ like inside.


...need a reference for the Luther quote..secondly, take a look at this before you make any more mistakes:

http://www.ntrmin.org/Be%20a%20sinner%20and%20sin%20boldly%20web.htm

In the link above, see particularly-

II. Luther And Good Works
Luther’s understanding of faith, good works, and salvation

Anonymous said...

From Dude:

DTK, several times now on a few blogs you have tried to discount what I say by falsely stating that I am afraid or a chicken because I post as anonymous.

I have rebutted your claims and attacks and even given a bit of your negative invective back to you.

The best you have done is deleted my remarks from the blog (here), had me kicked off of the NTRMIN chat board and now try to sidestep what I say by hiding behind my being anonymous, when I am really not. At least no more so than Rhology, Orthodox, 'Carrie' or 'DTK'.

Every time I have posted as anonymous, I have always, always prefaced it by citing my blogger handle... - Dude. This has been my handle for 2-3 years.

Every time you have lamented I have posted anon, my handle is on. What's up with you not noticing that? If ever I've forgotten it, I usually catch it and add a post script posting.

I don't have a Google password setup, and perhaps will one day. Nor will I post my business. Orthodox Catholics are not much liked in my profession, and especially my part of town, quite literally.

For the time being, I see no reason to flog a dead horse. I think you've seen my handle every time.

This is my last night on this blog, but in the future if I encounter you elsewhere, you can call me Dude. If I meet you in person, I'll be certain to introduce myself,(Bishop?)Dave

James Swan said...

This is my last night on this blog, but in the future if I encounter you elsewhere, you can call me Dude. If I meet you in person, I'll be certain to introduce myself,(Bishop?)Dave

First, I suggest you repent, secondly, I suggest you apologize to Pastor King, Third, I'm grateful you will be going elsewhere...because...I have stated that comments attacking Pastor King will not be tolerated. I will delete anything of such a nature.

Carrie said...

If I see a Christian smoking, is that bad fruit? If I know of a couple using the Pill, are they not "true believers" (for surely aborting your unborn child is a bad fruit)?

That is not a serious question, is it?

Thos - I suggest you think about the implications of those who follow and perpetuate a false gospel. Galatians is a good place to start.

I am sorry I don't have time to interact with all of your comment so I'll just say that I think you are a bit confused about Catholicism. And you keep bringing up teaching authorities as if those following teachers will not be not held accountable.

Again, I don't see individual believers here slinging criticisms at each other but you won't understand that until you deal with the ramifications of false gospels.

Thos said...

Carrie,

My question was deadly serious. I'm not sure why did not answer it. You are classifying some as true and others as not true believers, based on whether or not they bear bad fruit. I posit that abortifacient practice, the termination of the unborn, is bad fruit. I ask if that bad fruit makes them not true believers. Serious question, with the aim of showing that we ought to be cautious before categorizing some as in and others as out.

I believe there is individual accountability, please don't mistake me. I believe that there is a higher degree of culpability for false teachers, for those who lead the sheep astray, that's all.

I have considered carefully and for a number of years now the implications of perpetuating and following a false gospel. I have read Galatians many times with care, thank you for the recommendation. You don't see individual believers slinging criticisms, because you don't consider the large number of Catholics you criticize as not being believers. I am not willing to stipulate that all Catholics are not believers, so I do not accept your statement that there isn't some slinging going on here. And I think that if a non-believer reads this website, their view of Christianity will be marred by the infighting. But you see it as outfighting.

To sum up, I believe we both understand the ramifications of false gospel, but we disagree on what the rule is for determining what is a false gospel.

Peace,
Thos.

Rhology said...

Thos,

Am I right in taking your comment as a conclusion that Dave Armstrong is not a Child of the Lamb?

Correct.
He doesn't believe in a saving Gospel. Why is he any different than a Muslim... ooops, bad example.
Why is he any different than a Moonie or a Hindu?

I believe we need to seek unity

The only spiritual unity a true believer can have is with another believer (2 Cor 6:14). Again, priorities, man!

I have considered carefully and for a number of years now the implications of perpetuating and following a false gospel

It is my prayer you'll give it some more thought b/c you're on dangerous ground.

You don't see individual believers slinging criticisms

Surely you jest. You canNOT be serious.
Gal 1:8-10
2:4
2:11-14
2:21
3:1
3:3
3:11 - a direct challenge to the RC system
4:11
4:16
4:17
5:2
5:4
5:7
5:10 ("the one who is disturbing you will bear his judgment, whoever he is.")
5:12

Etc.

I am not willing to stipulate that all Catholics are not believers

No one here has said that. We maintain that all who hold to the RC 'gospel' are as yet lost and need to be saved. But not all RCs in name adhere to the Romish system.



Dude,

Do you really think he'll let you in there right now, the way that you are? Are your thoughts, mind and soul clean enough to enter heaven?

Here's a perfect example of why the RC gospel doesn't save.
Eph 2:8-9 tells us that we are saved by grace thru faith, ****NOT BY WORKS****. Why? So that no one may boast.
Yes, Dude, thru Christ I am 100% pure and holy, bearing the imputed righteousness of Christ (Rom 4:6-8). You, OTOH, sound like you're gonna need some of your own efforts to make it. Which would mean you'd have sthg to boast in. Good luck with that.

Boohoo, you treat me rough

Welcome to the blogosphere. You should see how it goes for you when you get a Blogger acct and people have the opportunity to come after you on your own blog. Read some posts from May and June on my blog and the comboxes there. Then come back and we can weep into our beer together.


Peace,
Rhology